5th International Conference on Proteomics, Genomics and Molecular Medicine
Rome, Italy
· Molecular Biology and Genetics pursue to understand how the molecules that make up cells determine the behavior of living things. Biologists use molecular and genetic tools to study the functions of those molecules in the complex milieu of the living cell.
Bioinformatics is a sub discipline of biology and computer science concerned with the acquisition, storage, analysis, and dissemination of biological data, most often DNA and amino acid sequences. Bioinformatics uses computer programs for a variety of applications, including determining gene and protein functions, establishing evolutionary relationships, and predicting the three-dimensional shapes of proteins. It is the process by which biological problems posed by the assessment or study of bio data are interpreted and analysed. Bioinformatics professionals develop algorithms, programs, code, and analytic models to record and the store data related to biology. This includes the study of the human genome, biochemical proteins, pharmacological ingredients, metabolic pathway readings etc.
Computational
Biology is concerned with the solutions to issues that have been raised by
studies in bioinformatics. Computational biology has been used to build
highly-detailed models of the human brain, map the human genome, and assist in
the modelling of biological systems. Computational biology researches,
develops, and implements algorithms and the tools that address biological
questions, concerns, or challenges that have been raised by bioinformatic
analyses.
Structural proteomics is the application of
protein chemistry and modern mass spectrometric techniques to problems such as
the characterization of protein structures and assemblies and the detailed
determination of the protein-protein interactions.
Animal or veterinary proteomics is an evolving
field which holds a great promise not only for fundamental and applied discoveries
regarding biology and pathology of domestic species, but can also be
implemented in the comparative applications of human diseases research. While
there are certain technical limitations in the expansion of the field, they can
currently be circumvented and in the future can be mastered with a greater
participation of the proteomic experts, which will in turn drive the
accessibility of species specific reagents, data volume expansion in
bioinformatic databases, and increased funding.
In the recent years, mass spectrometry-based
proteomics has provided scientists with the tremendous capability to study
plants more precisely than previously possible. Currently, proteomics has been
transformed from an isolated field into a comprehensive tool for biological
research that can be used to explain certain biological functions. Several
studies have successfully incorporated the power of proteomics as a discovery
tool to uncover plant resistance mechanisms. There is growing evidence which
indicates that the spatial proteome and post translational modifications (PTMs)
of proteins directly participate in the plant immune response.
Epigenetics is the study of how your behaviour
and environment can cause changes that affects the way your genes work. Unlike
the genetic changes, epigenetic changes are reversible and do not change your
DNA sequence, but they can change the ways in which your body reads a DNA
sequence. Gene expression refers to how often proteins are created from the
instructions within your genes. Genetic changes can alter which protein is
made, whereas epigenetic changes affect gene expression to turn genes “on” and
“off.”
Epigenomics Is the study of all epigenetic changes in the cell The epigenome is a multitude of chemical compounds that instruct the genome what to do. The human genome is a complete assembly of DNA about 3 billion base pairs that makes each individual unique. DNA holds the instructions for building proteins that carry out a variety of functions in a cell. Epigenome is made up of chemical compounds and proteins that attach themselves to the DNA and direct actions such as turning genes on or off, controlling the protein production in particular cells. When some epigenomic compounds attach themselves to the DNA they modify its functions and they mark the genome. These marks will not change the sequence of the DNA. But, they change the way these cells use the DNA's instructions and these marks are sometimes passed on from cell to cell as cells divide. There are chances they can be passed down from one generation to the next.
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) handle a wide range of biological processes, including cell-to-cell interactions and metabolic and developmental control. Protein protein interaction is becoming one of the major objectives of system biology. Noncovalent contacts between the residue side chains are the basis for protein folding, protein assembly, and PPI. These contacts induce a variety of interactions and associations among the proteins. The Cell Signalling Systems and networks will be studied through systems' biology thanks to the Inherent complexity of signalling networks, quantity and form of Quantitative information. The big selection of stimulus-response behaviour is noticed in cells that are central to all or any of Biology through cell signalling. Cell signalling systems principally receive input from the surroundings and then generates an output response supported the received input. . Supported the Physio-Chemical Principles, Physical Interaction networks will outline the Interacting super molecule Pairs. This kind of matrix assists links between structural biology and system biology.
Chemical proteomics is the growing area of proteomics that seeks to design small molecule probes to understand protein function. In the context of understanding the mode of action of Nanoparticles and other small molecules, chemical proteomics primarily provides information on the proteins a compound interacts with. The main strength of chemical proteomics is the ability to provide an unbiased, global and quantitative analysis of protein binding partners.
Mass Spectrometry has become a powerful tool in
proteomics research to precisely determine the molecular mass of peptides and
proteins as well the sequences. In tandem mass spectrometry, fragmentation of
peptides and proteins gives sequence information for protein identification as
well as for the identification and localization of post-translational or other
covalent modifications. Mass determination and the Characterization of proteins
can be done through Mass Spectrometry. For Ionization of proteins in Mass
Spectrometry two methods are used. The methods used are Electrospray Ionization
and the matrix-assisted laser desorption/Ionization. Top-down approach and
Bottom-up approach are used for the analysis of protein.
An organism's complete set of DNA is called its
genome. Normally every single cell in the human body contains a complete copy
of the approximately 3 billion DNA base pairs, or letters, that make up the
human genome. Genomics includes the scientific study of complex diseases such
as heart disease, asthma, diabetes, and cancer because these diseases are
generally caused more by a combination of genetic and environmental factors
than by the individual genes. Genomics is offering new possibilities for
therapies and treatments for some complex diseases and also new diagnostic
methods.
Structural genomics is the study that attempts to sequence the whole genome and mapping of the genome. Therefore, structural genomics is mainly concerned with sequencing and mapping genome . The success of structural genomics initiatives requires the development and the application of tools for structure analysis, prediction, and annotation
Functional genomics
is the study that attempts to determine the function of gene products encoded
by the genome of an organism .functional genomics is mainly concerned with the
study of the expression and function of the genome.
Transcriptomics is defined as the study of transcriptome – the complete set of RNA, also known as expression profiling, as it is the study of expression levels of mrna in a given cell population. any studies of the transcriptome focus on messenger (m)RNA molecules only, which reflect the genes that are being actively expressed (as protein products) in a cell or tissue at a given time or in a given situation. However, over 95%of the RNAs in a cell are not translated into a protein, so transcriptomics also includes the study of these non-coding RNAs, which have a dizzying variety of forms and functions. Complementing genome sequence with deep transcriptome and proteome data could enable more accurate assembly and annotation of newly sequenced genomes. Protein network is essential to know the function of highly complex eukaryotic tissues like Human Brain. Bimolecular Interaction detect which is a section of functional Proteomics Intention is to assist Interaction patterns present within a protein network. Bimolecular Interaction contains a variety of methods.
In all vertebrates and most Invertebrate
animals Brain is the organ which acts as the center of the Nervous System. In
order to research the related diseases and molecular mechanism of the Brain, we
gathered various tissue samples and also analyzed the iTRAQ C based
Quantification proteome. The cerebral cortex present in the Human Brain contains
Billions of neurons which are connected by synapses to other neurons. The Brain
Function can be understood as an Implementation of algorithms and also as an
information flow.
Proteomics technologies are used for the early
detection and diagnosis of cancers and for the development of novel therapeutic
agents. Identification of biomarker and also the study of protein expression of
the cancer are studied through certain proteomics platforms. These studies have
led to the development of discovery of new drugs and targeted therapeutics
towards the tumor cells. Detection, prognosis, diagnosis and therapy of breast
cancer are now possible with the advancements in the field of proteomics along
with the use of mass spectrometry. The discovery of the protein patterns has
enabled researchers to distinguish between the disease and disease free-state
associated with breast cancer. This discovery leads to personalized and
customized therapy for the patients. Proteins which are expressed or found in
the serum, plasma and the tumor cells using the novel methodologies provide a
better view of the heterogeneity of the cancers
Molecular diagnostics is the application
of molecular biology techniques to medical testing of patients and/or patient
samples to diagnose and monitor diseases, to identify risk factors, and to
define best therapies for individual patients. The use of molecular biology
techniques to analyze biological markers in the human genome and proteome
enables the understanding of how individual genetic code is expressed in cells
to proteins. Molecular diagnostics is vital to the analysis and management of
personalized medicine. In the molecular diagnostics section, we deal with a
broad spectrum of innovative biomedical topics and human diseases. Our topics
cover a large array of human disorders comprising genetic inborn errors in
congenital diseases, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease,
diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome, autoimmunity, immune function and
immune system disorders, infectious diseases, hematology, oncogenes in tumor development, and pharmacogenomics. We welcome your submission, appreciate your
interest, and value your contribution.
Reaping the benefits of proteomics requires us
to attend to issues that extend beyond technology. As with most activities
concerning health and wellbeing, the broad inferential powers of proteomics
come with related ethical issues and responsibilities. Many of these, including
the importance of informed consent and security, are familiar from other
biomedical and human subject related fields. However, the capacity of proteomic
profiles to broadly reflect an individual´s biological state rephrases old questions
relating to the types of information that can be derived, regardless of the
purpose for which the information was originally collected.
Proteomics is playing a role in revolutionizing the healthcare industry. It is used in biomarker discovery. This has helped in treating, many diseases like cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, cancers etc.